Beijing Olympics: India kicks off marathon elections

India kicked off month-long elections Thursday, with all signs pointing to a splintered result and government by an unsteady coalition that would struggle to see out a full term.

Neither of India's two main national parties -- the incumbent Congress and the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party BJP -- is seen as capable of securing an absolute majority in the five-stage elections.

In an early indication that voting could be tainted by violence, Maoist rebels in the eastern state of Jharkhand killed six soldiers who were on duty to protect polling stations.

With a slew of regional and local parties expected to grab up to 50 percent of the 543 parliamentary seats on offer, the final result will kick off an intense period of horse-trading as the big players rush to form a viable coalition.

The prospect of a patchwork government with no united policy is a bleak one, with India facing a sharp economic downturn and increasing domestic and regional security concerns.

"What we need is a government which will pull India through these difficult times," said political analyst Rasheed Kidwai.

"The tragedy is that the influence of the main national parties has shrunk so much. The regional parties which are on the rise, are without the national outlook needed at this stage," Kidwai said.

More than 700 million Indians are eligible to vote in the world's largest democratic exercise, with around 143 million registered for the first phase alone.

Thursday's ballot will take in large swathes of northern and eastern India, including areas beset by a range of violent insurgencies involving tribal rebels, Maoist guerrillas and Muslim militants.

In order to increase voter safety, more than two million security personnel will be rotated around the country over the five phases of balloting that end on May 13. Final results are to be announced on May 16.

The leading candidates for prime minister are both veterans. The incumbent, Manmohan Singh of the Congress Party, is 76, while his main challenger, the BJP's L.K. Advani, is even older at 81.

Th e only viable alternative to a Congress- or BJP-led coalition is provided by a loose alliance of left-leaning and regional parties called the "Third Front."

Negotiations are ongoing, but the alliance may join forces with Mayawati Kumari -- the self-styled champion of the lower castes who has made no secret of her ambition to become India's first "untouchable" prime minister.

Yashwant Deshmukh, who heads a public polling agency, warned that a shaky coalition would be unable to implement tough economic reforms for fear of losing support.

"If you have an unstable government, chances are that the decisions it takes will be populist and protectionist in nature, and that will impact adversely on market reforms," Deshmukh said.

"Still, whatever government emerges is not going to last more than two years," he added.

Many voters are expected to make their choices along religious and caste lines or on the basis of strictly regional issues that impact their daily lives.

"We have heightened our vigilance along the borders. Infiltration attempts are a serious matter," said the head of the paramilitary Border Security Force, M.L. Kumawat.

A view of a mosque in Cairo during sunset. REUTERS/Tarek Mostafa