The International Monetary Fund on Thursday forecast a prolonged, deep global recession, a "sluggish" recovery, and weak capital flows to emerging economies that would hammer Eastern Europe.
"The current recession is likely to be unusually long and severe and the recovery sluggish," the IMF said in releasing two chapters from its twice-yearly World Economic Outlook WEO.
The multilateral institution offered no timeline for a recovery from the first global recession in six decades.
"There is some glimmer of hope that the stress is receding," said Stephan Danninger, an IMF economist, at a news conference.
But he said any improvement would merely reduce "extreme levels of stress" to still "very high levels" of economic stress.
The IMF said its researchers looked at patterns of business cycles in 21 advanced economies from 1960 to the present.
The study found that fiscal stimulus actions seemed "particularly effective" in helping ending recessions, while monetary policy, such as tax cuts, can help shorten their duration but is less effective.
In the United States, "there is evidence of negative feedback between asset prices, credit, and investment," it said.
In the rest of the world, "the current recessions are also highly synchronized, further dampening prospects for a normal recovery."
The financial firestorm that began in September after the collapse of Wall Street investment bank Lehman Brothers swept beyond advanced economies and is battering the rest of the world.
The IMF warned that "the decline in capital flows to emerging economies ... may be protracted, given the solvency problems facing advanced economy banks who provide significant financing to emerging economies."
Emerging economies in Eastern Europe were particularly vulnerable because of the heavy presence of Western European banks in their financial sectors and economies.
The IMF pointed out that past episodes of systemic banking stress in advanced economies, such as the Latin American debt crisis in the 1980s and the Japanese banking crisis of the 1990s, shows that the decline in capital flows tends to be "sizeable and drawn out."
"Given their large exposure, emerging European economies might be heavily affected," said the 185-nation institution, whose mission is to promote global stability.
The Washington-based IMF highlighted the need for global coordination to battle the downturn and contain the financial meltdown.
"A coordinated policy response by advanced and emerging economies is required to prevent further escalation and spreading of financial stress," it said.
"Reducing individual country vulnerabilities cannot insulate emerging economies from a major financial shock in advanced economies."
The world economy was expected to gradually stage a "modest recovery" in 2010, with growth between 1.5 percent and 2.5 percent, it said.
Dancers from Ensemble of the Turkish state opera and ballet perform the play "Rose Garden" during the Skopje Dance Festival. AFP/Robert Atanasovski
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